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1. What can you tell from examination of the mouth about local manifestations of diseases elsewhere?
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Correct answer:
Intrabuccal signs of more widespread diseases include: the smooth tongue of pernicious anaemia; the ulcerated fauces of agranulocytosis or severe glandular fever; the hemiatrophy of the tongue in hypoglossal nerve palsy; the pigmentation of Addison's disease; the pigmented spots of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; and gingivitis, swollen bleeding gums and loosened teeth of vitamin C deficiency.
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2. What signs can be seen in the mouth which may indicate a more widespread disease?
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Correct answer:
(1) Gingivitis, swollen bleeding gums and loosened teeth of vitamin C deficiency.
(2) Pigmentation of Addison's disease or pigmented spots of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
(3) Ulcerated fauces in agranulocytosis or severe glandular fever.
(4) Smooth tongue of pernicious anaemia.
(5) Hemiatrophy of the tongue in hypoglossal nerve palsy.
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3. What happens to the tongue in pernicious anaemia?
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Correct answer:
The tongue will be smooth.
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4. Which two conditions can cause ulceration of the fauces in the mouth?
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Correct answer:
Agranulocytosis; severe glandular fever.
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5. What happens to the tongue in the case of hypoglossal nerve palsy?
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Correct answer:
There will be hemiatrophy.
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6. What are the widespread diseases which can cause pigmentation of the buccal mucosa?
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Correct answer:
Addison’s disease; Peutz–Jeghers will cause pigmented spots.
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7. By looking in the mouth, what information can be given about the general condition and habits of the patient?
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Correct answer:
The dry tongue of dehydration; the brown dry tongue of uraemia; the coated tongue with foetor oris of acute appendicitis; and the typical response of the hypochondriac to the command ‘show me your tongue’, upon which the patient opens his or her mouth to an extraordinary degree and enables the nethermost recesses of the oral cavity to become exposed.
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8. What is a dry tongue indicative of?
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Correct answer:
Dehydration.
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9. What is a brown dry tongue indicative of?
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10. What does a coated tongue with foetor oris indicate?
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Correct answer:
Acute appendicitis.
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11. How commonly do cleft lip and palate coexist?
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Correct answer:
In half of the cases.
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12. How commonly does cleft lip occur alone?
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Correct answer:
In one-quarter of cases.
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13. How commonly does cleft palate occur alone?
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Correct answer:
In one-quarter of cases.
